Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by significant anxiety, self-consciousness, and embarrassment in everyday social interactions. It goes beyond normal feelings of nervousness in social situations and can lead to avoidance behaviors that disrupt daily life. Social anxiety disorder can be a chronic mental health condition, but with the right treatment, individuals can gain confidence and improve their ability to interact with others.
Social anxiety disorder symptoms include:
In children, social anxiety may be shown through crying, temper tantrums, clinging to parents, or refusal to speak in social settings.
Physical signs and symptoms that may accompany social anxiety disorder include blushing, fast heartbeat, trembling, sweating, upset stomach, dizziness, and muscle tension.
Individuals with social anxiety disorder may find it challenging to endure everyday experiences, such as interacting with strangers, attending social gatherings, going to work or school, starting conversations, making eye contact, dating, and more.
If you fear and avoid normal social situations due to embarrassment, worry, or panic, it’s essential to seek help from a doctor or mental health professional.
The causes of social anxiety disorder are likely a combination of biological and environmental factors, such as genetics, brain structure, and learned behavior from negative experiences or overprotective parenting.
Several risk factors increase the likelihood of developing social anxiety disorder, including family history, negative experiences, shy temperament, new social or work demands, and having an appearance or condition that draws attention.
Left untreated, social anxiety disorder can have various complications, including low self-esteem, difficulty being assertive, negative self-talk, hypersensitivity to criticism, poor social skills, isolation, academic and employment problems, substance abuse, and even suicidal thoughts or attempts. Other mental health disorders, particularly major depressive disorder and substance abuse, often co-occur with social anxiety disorder.
While it may not be possible to predict anxiety disorders’ development, certain steps can reduce symptoms’ impact:
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If you believe you may have social anxiety disorder, your health care provider will perform a thorough evaluation to determine the underlying cause of your anxiety and whether you have social anxiety disorder or another medical or mental health condition.
The diagnostic process for social anxiety disorder may include:
The DSM-5 criteria for social anxiety disorder include:
Treatment for social anxiety disorder typically involves psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of both. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most effective form of psychotherapy for anxiety disorders. Medications such as SSRIs and SNRIs are commonly prescribed to help manage symptoms.
Some herbal remedies have been studied as treatments for anxiety, but their effectiveness is mixed. It is essential to consult with your health care team before trying any herbal remedies or supplements to ensure they are safe and won’t interact with other medications.
While professional help is crucial, some lifestyle changes can complement treatment:
Several coping methods can help ease anxiety and improve social interactions:
Over time, these coping methods can help control symptoms and prevent relapses.
Before your appointment, make a list of situations you’ve been avoiding, symptoms you’ve experienced, any recent life events, and your current medications. It may be helpful to bring a trusted family member or friend along to help you remember important information. Be prepared to answer questions about your fears, symptoms, and any family history of anxiety disorders.
Remember, seeking help is essential, and treatment may take time. Stick with your therapy and medication as directed by your health care provider and discuss any changes in your condition with them.
