Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. Also called
major depressive disorder or clinical depression, it affects how you feel, think and behave and can lead to a
variety of emotional and physical problems. You may have trouble doing normal day-to-day activities, and
sometimes you may feel as if life isn’t worth living.
More than just a bout of the blues, depression isn’t a weakness and you can’t simply “snap out” of it.
Depression may require long-term treatment. But don’t get discouraged. Most people with depression feel better
with medication, psychotherapy, or both.
Although depression may occur only once during your life, people typically have multiple episodes. During these
episodes, symptoms occur most of the day, nearly every day and may include:
For many people with depression, symptoms usually are severe enough to cause noticeable problems in day-to-day
activities, such as work, school, social activities, or relationships with others. Some people may feel
generally miserable or unhappy without really knowing why.
Common signs and symptoms of depression in children and teenagers are similar to those of adults, but there can
be some differences.
Depression is not a normal part of growing older, and it should never be taken lightly. Unfortunately,
depression often goes undiagnosed and untreated in older adults, and they may feel reluctant to seek help.
Symptoms of depression may be different or less obvious in older adults, such as:
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Depression is a serious mental health condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is more than just feeling sad or experiencing occasional low moods. Depression is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest or pleasure in activities that were once enjoyable. It can interfere with daily life, work, relationships, and overall well-being.
Diagnosing depression involves a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare professional. A physical exam and lab tests are often conducted to rule out any underlying medical conditions that may be contributing to the symptoms. A psychiatric evaluation is also crucial, where the individual’s symptoms, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are assessed. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria are used as a reference to identify major depression.
Depression can manifest in various forms, with different specifiers highlighting specific features:
Several other mental health disorders include depression as a symptom:
Treating depression often involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes:
Antidepressant medications, such as SSRIs, SNRIs, and tricyclic antidepressants, are commonly prescribed to help
regulate brain chemicals and improve mood. Your doctor will work with you to find the right medication and dosage
based on your symptoms and medical history. It’s essential to continue taking medications as prescribed and
communicate any side effects or concerns with your healthcare provider.
Various forms of psychotherapy, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy, and
psychodynamic therapy, can be beneficial in treating depression. Therapy helps individuals understand their
thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, develop coping strategies, and learn healthier ways of managing stress and
emotions.
Adopting a healthy lifestyle can complement other forms of treatment. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, sufficient
sleep, and stress-reduction techniques can all contribute to improved mood and overall well-being. Avoiding alcohol
and drug use is also essential, as substance abuse can worsen depression symptoms.
Support from family, friends, and support groups can be invaluable in the treatment and recovery process. Seeking
professional help and reaching out for support is not a sign of weakness but a courageous step towards healing.
Depression is a common and treatable mental health condition that should not be ignored or underestimated. With the
right support, understanding, and treatment, individuals can manage depression and lead fulfilling lives. If you or
someone you know is experiencing symptoms of depression, don’t hesitate to seek help from a healthcare
professional.
