A panic attack is a sudden and overwhelming surge of fear and anxiety that can strike without warning. It triggers intense physical reactions even when there’s no real danger or apparent cause. The experience can be terrifying, leaving the individual feeling as if they are losing control or facing imminent doom.
Panic attacks can manifest with various symptoms, and their intensity typically peaks within a few minutes. Common signs include:
Following a panic attack, individuals may feel fatigued and emotionally drained.
While many people experience one or two panic attacks in their lifetime, recurrent and unexpected panic attacks may indicate a condition called panic disorder. Those with panic disorder often live in constant fear of having another attack, which can severely impact their quality of life.
The exact causes of panic attacks and panic disorder are not fully understood, but some factors may contribute to their development:
Panic disorder often emerges during late adolescence or early adulthood, and it appears to affect more women than men. Several risk factors may increase the likelihood of developing panic attacks or panic disorder:
Left untreated, panic attacks and panic disorder can lead to complications such as specific phobias, social isolation, depression, anxiety disorders, and an increased risk of suicidal thoughts.
If you or someone you know experiences symptoms of panic attacks or panic disorder, seeking medical help is crucial. A healthcare professional can provide an accurate diagnosis, rule out other health conditions, and recommend appropriate treatment options.
Treatments for panic attacks may include psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and medications to manage symptoms. Learning coping strategies and relaxation techniques can also be helpful.
While there is no foolproof way to prevent panic attacks, certain lifestyle choices may reduce their frequency and severity:
Remember, it’s essential to reach out for support and not hesitate to seek professional guidance to manage panic attacks effectively.
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If you experience symptoms of panic attacks, panic disorder, or any condition that resembles panic attacks, it’s essential to seek evaluation and diagnosis from your primary care provider. To pinpoint the cause, your doctor may perform:
Not everyone who experiences panic attacks has panic disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) outlines the criteria for panic disorder:
If you have panic attacks but not a diagnosed panic disorder, seeking treatment is still beneficial to prevent further complications.
Effective treatment can reduce the intensity and frequency of panic attacks and improve daily functioning. The primary treatment options include psychotherapy and medications, which may be used individually or in combination based on your preferences and severity of panic disorder.
Psychotherapy, particularly cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), is a recommended first-choice treatment for panic attacks and panic disorder. Through CBT, you can learn that panic symptoms are not dangerous and gradually face fears in a safe environment. This process helps in resolving panic attacks and overcoming situations that trigger them.
It may take time to see results, but symptoms can reduce within weeks, and significant improvement can occur within months. Occasional maintenance visits may be scheduled to control panic attacks or treat recurrences.
Medications can help manage panic attack symptoms and associated depression, if present. Some effective medications include:
Your doctor may adjust medications or combine them for better results. Keep in mind that medications may take weeks to show improvements and may have side effects. Discuss potential risks with your doctor.
While professional treatment is crucial, self-care steps can help manage panic attack symptoms:
Some dietary supplements have been studied for panic disorder treatment, but more research is needed to understand their risks and benefits. Consult your doctor before trying any supplements, as they may interact with prescription medications or cause dangerous effects.
If you experience panic attack symptoms, schedule an appointment with your primary care provider. Before the visit, prepare:
Consider having a trusted companion to offer support and help you remember important information during the appointment.
During your appointment, ask your doctor:
If referred to a mental health professional, inquire about:
