Obesity is a complex disease characterized by excessive body fat, and it goes beyond being a cosmetic concern. It’s a
serious medical condition that increases the risk of various health problems, including heart disease, diabetes, high
blood pressure, high cholesterol, liver disease, sleep apnea, and certain cancers.
Body mass index (BMI) is commonly used to diagnose obesity. However, BMI doesn’t directly measure body fat. People
with high muscle mass may have an elevated BMI even without excess body fat. Waist circumference and body fat
percentage measurements are additional tools to assess obesity and track progress during weight loss programs.
A BMI of 30 or higher is classified as obesity. Asians with a BMI of 23 or higher may have an increased risk of health
problems. It’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional to evaluate your health risks and discuss
weight-loss options if needed.
Obesity can result from various causes and contributing factors, including genetics, lifestyle choices, certain
medical conditions, social and economic influences, age, and other factors. Family history, unhealthy diet, physical
inactivity, certain medications, and lack of sleep are common risk factors associated with obesity.
Obesity can lead to severe health complications, such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, various cancers, digestive
problems, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, fatty liver disease, and an increased risk of severe symptoms from infections
like COVID-19. It can also impact overall quality of life, leading to reduced physical activities, social isolation,
and psychological issues such as depression and guilt.
The good news is that even modest weight loss can improve or prevent obesity-related health problems. A combination of
a healthier diet, increased physical activity, and behavior changes can help with weight loss. Prescription medicines
and weight-loss procedures are other options for treating obesity when necessary. Prevention involves making healthy
lifestyle choices, avoiding excessive calorie intake, staying physically active, and seeking support when needed.
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To diagnose obesity, your health care professional will conduct a comprehensive evaluation, which includes:
Gathering this information helps your health care team determine the best treatment plan for you.
The primary goal of obesity treatment is achieving and maintaining a healthy weight to reduce health risks. This often
involves working with a team of health professionals, including dietitians, behavioral counselors, or obesity
specialists. The treatment plan may include:
Prescription medications may be considered along with lifestyle changes to aid weight loss. Commonly used medications
include Bupropion-naltrexone, Liraglutide, Orlistat, Phentermine-topiramate, and Semaglutide.
Non-surgical endoscopic procedures can help reduce stomach size and food intake. Common procedures include Endoscopic
Sleeve Gastroplasty and Intragastric Balloon placement.
For severe obesity, bariatric surgery may be an option. Procedures like Gastric Bypass, Gastric Sleeve, and Adjustable
Gastric Banding can limit food intake and promote weight loss. Weight-loss surgery requires a commitment to lifelong
lifestyle changes.
Other treatments include hydrogels, vagal nerve blockade, and gastric aspirate, which are still being studied and may
be available in the future.
Successful obesity management also involves lifestyle changes at home, including:
Coping with obesity and weight-loss efforts may require emotional support and coping skills:
Being an active participant in your care is essential. Before your appointment:
